Competency-Based Assessment Criteria in Modern Education: Theoretical Foundations, Test Metrology, Practice, and Innovative Approaches

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, metrological, and practical aspects of competency-based assessment (CBA) in the modern educational system. The pedagogical foundations of transitioning from traditional assessment to a criteria-based system are revealed, with special focus on the role of test metrology theory (validity, reliability, objectivity, and standardization). The article scientifically substantiates practical assessment mechanisms (rubrics, portfolios) and the role of innovative approaches—such as artificial intelligence and adaptive testing—in improving the quality of education